Graphic Design in the 1950s Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Visual communication during the 1950s - Assignment Example The task Visual communication during the 1950s discusses the manners in which the visual communication was done during the 1950s. To follow Warhol's entry from business craftsman to the world star is to graph a captivating change. The term printing alludes to a picture comprising of unadulterated high contrast with no apparent degree. For a picture to be duplicated through letter press printing, it must meet or state of line workmanship. An ink drawing is a camera prepared the both is financially practical and outwardly immediate, intently looks like the first. A normal outline of the shoe by Andy, he exhibits how a shading picture is delivered from line workmanship. Base layer conveys an ink drawing of a designed shoe, and the second layer on a straightforward overlay explains the example. A large portion of the emotional occasions throughout the entire existence of realistic workmanship were the creation of photography, whose effect was quick. Before the presentation of the half tone process in the eighteenth century, wood etchers repeated photos by making an interpretation of them by hand into examples of dark imprints. The procedure of photographic was generally utilized in the printing of line drawing; outline could get ready drawing of self-assertive measurement, which could be then photographically diminished. Some representation kept on approximating the authenticity of photography and photos remained the standard source material all through the business, numerous business craftsmen attempted to characterize the results of the hand against those of the camera, advertising drawing that was very surprising.

Foundations of Research and Evidence Based Practice

Question: Talk about the Foundations of Research and Evidence Based Practice. Answer: Presentation With the progression in science and innovations the nature of human lives has been improved altogether and in current situations the individuals can undoubtedly do there imperative undertakings with no problem. Therefore, the human has gotten lethargic and maintain a strategic distance from difficult work and for reason the cutting edge human will in general be unfit and inclined to a few infections. Besides, among the few shocking illnesses back agony is one of the indispensable maladies and generally basic in the cutting edge open. There are numerous individuals, who experience the ill effects of constant back torment and not many of them as a rule not shows huge improvement with the standard treatments (Cashin Cook, 2011). Needle therapy is a customary Chinese treatment, and it is heard that it has critical impact on a few diverse intense maladies just as for the torment it has generous impact so the examination is on whether it is a beneficial treatment for the patients with low back agony or not. Primary body The effect that has been emerged as of now delineates a few stories and legend coursed everywhere throughout the field of medicinal services and prosperity program, where the doctors and social insurance professionals incredibly examine on this theme; on the impact of needle therapy on the human body. Needle therapy principally manage some significant focuses in human body, those are subject for the elements of a few distinctive organ of human body. The interminable back is one of the most noticeably terrible back torment issues with portraying the indications of malignancy at times. The needle therapy is the best instrument which is utilized for decreasing the back torment and consequently it is considered for the treatment. Needle therapy helps in the improvement of the processing framework in the body and along these lines it assists with getting alleviation from the back torment. Consequently the needle therapy is utilized for the treatment of incessant back torment. In addition, as indicated by the view of the acupuncturists methodical weight on the needle therapy point improve the body work adequately so assume significant job in relieving the patients, who experiences a few distinct sorts of intense illnesses. In the ebb and flow circumstance, there are a few patients, who experiences the intense back agony and the primary driver of the malady is apathy of the cutting edge individuals, with improving way of life the person has gotten languid and need more extravagance and these lead them into a few illnesses and back torment is one of them, which is generally normal in present day people. As a social insurance professional I need to confront a few cases, where the patients are experiencing intense back torment and the standard medications have no noteworthy impact on them. It soothes them for the time creatures however not fix them for all time. In this way, the need of an elective treatment is rising thus that the reference of needle therapy treatment i s coming as it is intensely talked about in human services field among the open identified with social insurance, for example, the doctors, medicinal services specialists and patients (Kralik, Trowbridge, Smith, 2008). Also, it is generally talked about that it has no reaction on the human body and it has just constructive outcome on human body. End As, I have confronted a few patients who are experiencing intense back torment and I saw that the standard Allopathic medications have not huge impact on the these patients as it give present moment diminishes to the patients of intense back torment and the issue of the patients stay with them and the typical treatment can't fix the back torment in perpetual premise consequently, I need to scan for elective treatment thus I pick needle therapy treatment. Section A, Section 2: Formulate a PICO So as to examine the impact of the treatment on the patients, PICO is a powerful instrument that helps in surveying the state of the patients just as the impact of the treatment on the patients. It is one of the best just as mainstream apparatuses among the individuals of nursing calling as it give successful result that help in adequately assess the state of the patients and the impact of the treatment on the patients (Polit Beck, 2012). For this attempted issue a PICO is incorporated and by the PICO the outcome and understanding will be created that, regardless of whether needle therapy is viable in intense back torment or not. Consequently I have gathered the reaction of the patients of intense back torment to the needle therapy treatment and their reactions has been placed into the well known and powerful instrument PICO. The consequences of PICO has been resolved and assessed about whether needle therapy is a powerful intercession for incessant low back agony. In the exploration study, 58 members have been chosen for analyzing the adequacy of needle therapy. Populace The age of the members is over 18 that will assist with evaluating the finding design including treatment and concordance inside a clinical preliminary of needle therapy for the low back agony. Mediation In a controlled practical randomized clinical path, 58 patients with low back torment in the middle of about a month and 11 months span were offered needle therapy arbitrarily. Treatment and normalized determination were finished by the specialists. The analysis depended on low back torment disorder. One of the practitionerss then rethought the patients adequately. The bury rater unwavering quality indicative was evaluated as far as consistent groupings. Examination All gatherings were included for examination. The attention was on non-intrusive treatment as opposed to the organized exercise. Result The analyzed disorder that was most regularly connected with the low back torment was blood stagnation and Qi followed by Bi condition and kidney insufficiency being more than one condition being resolved for 66% of the patients. The expert has analyzed the patients concordance was sensible which was somewhere in the range of 80% and 47 of the characterizations while estimations of Kappa lay somewhere in the range of 0 and 0.67. The professional has given 158 medicines in all out utilizing 188 distinctive needle therapy techniques. The most generally channels utilized were nerve bladder and bladder and the commonest point was BL-23 promotion two purposes of Huatuojijaji. The specialists have likewise utilized Auxiliary medicines to fluctuating degrees. In this way, Acupuncture is considered as the best treatment for low back torments. The analytic concordance among the professionals was clear and sensible subjects developed for the treatment. As per the consequence of PICO it is seen that the needle therapy treatment is powerful in the treatment if the intense back torment as it essentially improves the state of the patients thus that it gives considerably more soothes to the patients and its belongings are for long haul and changeless as it totally fix the illnesses from the patients. Other than this, it is additionally seen that it has no critical symptom on the patients. Along these lines, the needle therapy is viable in intense back agony and it could be given to the patients of intense back torment. Section A, Section 3: Advance pursuit in CINAHL The propelled search on the CINAHL depends on the inquiry of the more extensive database which helps in the production of spotlight on the PICO estimations that are taken for the thought of the investigation of CINAHL with regards to full content. It incorporates the accompanying criterias of the appraisal that must be finished for the upgrade of the examination procedure and in this way it gives the emphasis on the embraced situation taken for the investigation. The situation that is taken for the examination centers around the constant low back agony which is appeared to be improved with the assistance of the utilization of needle therapy (C. Lawrence, 2016). The treatment is given as the writing with giving the images of the low back torment and in this manner the methodologies are engaged for alleviating the malady low back agony. The CINAHL procedure of the examination is led for the accomplishment of the great source with directing subjective procedure for the assortment of the instrument utilized for restoring the infection. With the thought of the review examination, the examination of the CINAHLs potential commitment is related to the thought of the exploration and in this way the investigations are made by the one of a kind database with the thought of the CINAHL database up degree and arrangement. With the thought of the 58 quantitative surveys, around 43 audits are chosen which along these lines helps in the thought of the fruitful examination for the exploration. The 43 audits are seen as sick and along these lines the thought of the investigation gives the last combination of the CINAHL database. With the thought of the database, the surveys that are told appeared to be 11 audits with the distinguishing proof of the examination for the database and along these lines the middle aides in the ID of abou t 9.09% while the most reduced worth is 5 % to the most elevated worth is about 33% (Lawrence, 2007). The thorough methodologies are incorporated for the intense assortment of the list in regards to the case situation and along these lines the predetermined number of surveys is made with the production of precise audits. The CINAHL procedure furnishes the bit by bit process with the production of upgrade of the investigation of the situation referenced. The guidance gives the suitable way to deal with the improvement of the needle therapy which is utilized for the interminable low back torment. It gives the methodologies that must be canvassed in the piece of the Medline and along these lines the center is made for the advancement of the database. The CINAHL database gives the suitable methodologies the directed research that comprises of the procedure of CINAHL which incorporates the Embase, Medline and the Database development of the sicknesses with the favored medicines. The examinations that are remembered helps for the thought of the measures of PICO which are as per the following:- Thought of the people with the CLBP characterized with the time length of 12 weeks or more. Recommended practice and

How to Tell If Someone Is Lying 20 Tells and Clues (Ranked in Ascending Order of Reliability)

How to Tell If Someone Is Lying 20 Tells and Clues (Ranked in Ascending Order of Reliability) You get to work on a Monday morning and as you prepare to get busy, a colleague passes by your desk, greets you and asks what you think of her new dress.You quickly tell her how lovely it looks on her, even if you think it makes her look dowdy. You just lied to your colleague, but she walks off to her desk with a smile on her face.Lying is almost second to human nature. Most of us tell a couple of white lies every day. We also get lied to just as much. One study shows that the Average American citizen lies 11 times every week. Another study published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology found that 60% of us cannot hold at a 10 minute conversation without telling at least one little lie.Men are said to lie to their partners, bosses and work colleagues an average six times every day. The lying happens for a number of reasons.Most people who tell lies do so to protect themselves or the other person in some way, either from being judged, from painful emotions or from emb arrassment.In most cases where we get lied to, the lies are usually harmless. In some cases, it is even better to be lied to than to be told the truth. For instance, when you lied to your colleague above that she looks good in her new dress, it made her feel better than if you had told her what you actually think.However, lies can sometimes have huge impacts.Lies about important matters can lead to significant consequences like getting fired from a job, broken relationships, or even jail time. Finding out that someone lied to you can erode all the trust you have in them and permanently change how you relate with each other.If people tell lies so often, how can you avoid being on the receiving end of a lie?Luckily, there are some active steps that you can take to become better at sniffing out when someone is feeding you a pile of it.Below are 21 ways to tell if someone is lying to you, ranked in ascending order of reliability.#1. CHECK FOR SWEATINGWhen people lie, they tend to sweat more, especially on the forehead. Sweating is actually one of the psychological reactions measured by polygraphs (lie detectors) to determine whether someone is lying.However, sweating is the first lie detection method in this list because on its own, it is not very reliable.A person might sweat as a result of shyness, nervousness, or any other condition that makes them sweat more than normal. Sweating should be used in combination with other methods to determine whether the person is lying.#2. LOOK THEM IN THE EYEYou have probably heard someone using the phrase “look me in the eye” when they think they are being lied to. The reason behind this is that most people have a hard time maintaining eye contact when they are lying.If someone starts looking away when they are telling you something, or denying something, there is a high chance that they are lying. Eye contact triggers feelings of intimacy and personal connection.Looking away is a way of de-personalizing the situation bec ause they know they are not being truthful. However, a person might look away if they are nervous or if the information they are about to share is potentially embarrassing.#3. CHECK FOR SIGNS OF STRESSWhen someone is lying, there is a conflict between what they are saying and what they know, which can trigger a stress response within the brain.The stress response in the brain in turn triggers some physiological stress indicators, such as fidgeting, foot tapping, yawning, blushing, sweating, and so on.Sometimes, the person might touch their nose in an attempt to calm down their brain. If you notice any of these signs when asking questions, there is a possibility that the person might be fibbing.The best way to determine whether a person is lying by observing stress indicators is to compare these indicators against a baseline.If the person does not normally exhibit any of the above behaviors until you start questioning them about a particular issue, this is an indication that they mig ht be lying.#4. WATCH THEIR POSTUREWhen communicating, there’s more to the communication that what the people in the conversation are saying with their words. The body is a more accurate indication of what a person truly means.For instance, someone who is fibbing might tend to slouch, slump on a couch or shrink in on themselves. This is a subconscious reaction that might occur even without the person’s knowledge.Normally, when someone is being honest, they tend to maintain an open posture, which is physically more vulnerable.However, when someone is lying, their body adopts a closed off or smaller posture in an attempt to subconsciously protect themselves.#5. WATCH THEIR RATE OF MOVEMENTWhen someone is deceiving you, they know that some of their physiological indicators might tip you off. So they go out of their way to control their physical reactions in a bid to trick you into thinking that they are calm and collected.Since most people know that a person who is lying tends to b e fidgety, they will try as much as they can to avoid such movements.The result is that a person might become extremely still, use no hand gestures, minimize their facial movements and speak slowly. If you think that a person is too still and stiff, with almost mechanical movements, they might be lying.However, many liars who use such tricks are skilled liars, so it might be harder for you to get onto them.#6. LEAN IN WHEN TALKING TO THEMWhen people having a conversation are in sync, they tend to mirror each other’s actions.Therefore, if you lean towards someone during a conversation, they will subconsciously lean in as well.However, if someone is lying to you, there is a conflict within their subconscious, and therefore they will lean away due to their discomfort. Even when you lean in, someone who is deceiving you will lean back.Their subconscious is trying to create a distance between you and them. You should also watch their feet. If their feet are pointed away from you or tow ards an exit, there is a high likelihood that the person is lying to you.#7. WATCH OUT FOR INAPPROPRIATE EMOTIONSOne thing that is common to most humans is that emotions are very difficult to hide. When speaking to someone you suspect might be lying to you, watch their emotions carefully.Do the emotions match what the person is saying? For instance, is the person smiling when passing some terrible news?Do they seem bored even when passing exciting news? Are they too excited about something that doesn’t seem to warrant that much excitement? These could be telltale signs that the person is lying.For instance, a person lying about a terrible event might not know how a person who has actually gone through such an event would react, therefore their emotions will be based on imagination, and might be a little bit off.#8. WATCH OUT FOR INDIFFERENCEThis is closely related to the previous method. When a person is lying about a situation, they are talking about something they created in the ir mind, therefore they do not know the actual emotions that should go with the situation.To prevent portraying the wrong emotions, such a person will talk about a situation with indifference, without showing emotion.They will look bored even when talking about something that is emotionally charged.This is a sign that they are talking about something they just made up in their mind.#9. VOCAL UNCERTAINTYWhen a person is lying, they won’t be very confident in what they are saying, unless they are a very good liar. They might seem unsure of what they are saying.Their sentences will be fragmented. They might start a sentence and not finish it, or start talking about something else mid-sentence.Others might start stammering or stuttering. A person who is lying might also have long pauses between their sentences as they try to compose a story off the fly.If a person is taking too long to think about the next sentence, it is possible that they are lying. However, vocal uncertainty and fr agmented speech might also be a sign of nervousness.#10. DELAYED EMOTIONSLike I mentioned earlier, someone who is lying to you might be out of touch with the emotions required for a particular response. Therefore, when you ask them a question, their first instinct will be to give a verbal response to the question.After a moment, they might realize that they did not show the emotion supposed to go hand in hand with the verbal answer, which will result in a slight delay between giving the verbal response and showing any definitive emotions.For instance, if you are accusing someone of doing something, they might deny the accusation and then after a moment, get angry at you for accusing them.However, if somebody was telling the truth, they would get shocked at the thought that you are suspecting them, even before denying your allegations.#11. THEY KEEP PROCLAIMING THEIR HONESTYWhen someone is lying to you, in their mind they know that there is a possibility that you might not believe th eir lie. As a result, someone who is lying might keep emphasizing the validity of what they are saying.To do this, they keep repeating phrases such as “to be perfectly honest”, “to tell the truth”, “the truth of the matter”, “God is my witness” or “I swear to God”.If someone is telling the truth, in most cases they won’t feel compelled to justify their statements using such phrases.#12. THEY HAVE AN ANSWER FOR EVERYTHINGHuman beings are not computers. Even if we store our memories, remembering everything is not as easy. This explains why someone will take a moment to remember if you ask what they were doing last week. However, if someone has plans to lie to you, they will craft a story beforehand.They will have thought about the questions you are likely to ask and prepare answers for them. Therefore, if you find someone answering all your questions without any hesitation, there is a chance that the person is feeding you a big one. If you get the idea that they are lying, try asking them unexpected questions that they might have not anticipated.This will get them out of their item and will make it easier for you to find out if they are lying.#13. HIDING THEIR MOUTHWhile humans have control over their conscious mind (the part of the mind involved in lying), they do not have much control over the subconscious. Therefore, when someone is lying, their subconscious mind will be against what they are saying.This is why people who are lying tend to cover their mouth. Their mind is subconsciously trying to close off the communication since it knows whatever is being said is not truthful.Therefore, if you ask someone about something and you find their hand going to their mouth while they are giving you an answer, this is a sign that they might be deceiving you.#14. DEFLECTING THE QUESTIONWhile people lie every so often, they do it because they feel they have to, not because they like lying. Lying actually makes people feel guilty. To avoid this gui lt, many people prefer deflecting the question instead of telling a lie.When you ask a question to someone who is guilty, they will try to dodge the question, throw a question back at you or give you information that is related to but not relevant to what you are asking.For instance, if you ask someone if they have been cheating on you, instead of answering with a no, they might say, “You know I love you, why would I do that.” In this case, they have deflected the question to avoid telling a lie.#15. TOO MUCH INFORMATIONWhen someone is deliberately lying to you, they will do everything within their ability to make you swallow their lie. Someone who is lying to you might tend to give you more information than you asked for in an attempt to come across as truthful.They think that providing lots of information, they will appear more open and therefore more honest. Ironically, despite the ton of information they will be feeding you, they won’t give an answer to your question.They might also be trying to confuse you with all the information, so that you end up forgetting your question.Therefore, if you ask your partner what they did during their night out and they keep going on and on about what their friends did and mention nothing that they personally did, there is a chance that they did something they do not want you find out.#16. THROW THEM SOME BAITA good way to get someone who is trying to deceive you to confess is to throw them some bait, something that will make them consider the possibility that you know they are lying.For instance, if you suspect that someone went someplace they do not want you to know, casually mention that a mutual friend was at the same place.If the person was there, this will create a possibility that the mutual friend saw them there. The possibility that you know what they are trying to hide from you might lead them to confess.Similarly, if someone is telling you that they went to a certain place and you think they are lying, y ou can throw them bait by mentioning some small detail about the place.For instance, if they are saying they went to a certain restaurant that you think they haven’t visited (one that you have visited yourself), mention how the tables at the restaurant look, or how the table waits dress, and so on.If the friend went to the restaurant, they will add some detail about their experience at the hotel.However, if they did not, they will just agree with you and then quickly move on from the topic.#17. ASK THE SAME QUESTION MULTIPLE TIMESIf you think someone is feeding you a pile of it, try asking them a specific question about three different times. Phrase the question differently each time. Watch out how they answer the question.Does their answer change based on how you phrased the question, or do they keep giving the same answer over and over?If someone keeps giving the same answer regardless of how you frame your question, there is a high chance that they are giving you a rehearsed an swer.Someone who is telling the truth will give an answer that sounds less scripted. Someone who has experienced something will have multiple ways of describing the experience. However, if the experience is made up, they will want to stick to a script to avoid slipping up.#18. THEIR STORY DOES NOT ADD UPWhen someone is caught up in a sticky situation and they decide to lie, they simply create a cover up story off the fly. However, since they are making up the story as they go, it will impossible for them to think of all details at once. New details will be created as the questions are asked.As the questions keep coming, sometimes it will get to a point where some new detail they have thought of will conflict with another detail they provided earlier.This is a very clear sign that the person is lying.For instance, someone might mention that they took the bus. Further ahead, they might talk about paying the taxi driver, which would conflict with the earlier statement that they used th e bus.If their story has elements that do not make sense, that’s possibly because it is a made up story.#19. ASK SOMEONE TO RECOUNT THEIR STORY IN REVERSEIf you think someone is feeding you a made up story, the best way to get them to slip up is to ask them to report their story in reverse. Doing this achieves two things.First, if someone is telling a made up story in reverse, they will have a harder time recalling the story, and therefore they are more likely to say something that will give them away.Second, telling a story in reverse chronological order is a mentally demanding task, even for someone who is telling the truth. When someone is telling a story on reverse, all their focus will be spent on recalling the details of the story, and less on monitoring their behaviors.This means that if someone is lying, it will be easier to notice other non-verbal cues that might point out that they are lying, such as inappropriate emotions and body posture.#20. TRUST YOUR GUTSome people are really skilled at lying, and will easily do so without giving any tells. Sometimes, you will come across such a liar. Try as you might, you will not spot any giveaways.However, you might still feel that the person is lying, even if you cannot point to any single thing as the reason behind the feeling.Many times, this gut feeling is based on something real. Don’t ignore it. If your instincts tell you that someone is lying to you, take their story with a pinch of salt.FINAL WORDLying is part of human nature, and there is no single, universal method that you can use to detect when someone is lying to you. Some of the methods mentioned above will work on some liars but not on others.In addition, the methods and indicators mentioned above do not strictly mean that the person is lying. Instead, they indicate that there is a possibility that the person might be lying.The best way to gauge if someone is lying is to use a combination of these methods. If someone is displaying many of t hese indicators of lying, there is a higher possibility that the person is lying.If you suspect that they are lying, increase the pressure â€" such as by asking them to tell their story in reverse â€" to see if they will show more indicators of lying.Finally, trust your gut feeling. If your instincts tell you that a person is lying to you, they probably are.

Concordia University Irvine Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Concordia University Irvine is a private university with an acceptance rate of 62%. Affiliated with the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod, Concordia University Irvine is one of eight colleges and universities of the Concordia University System. Located in Irvine, California, CUIs 70-acre suburban campus overlooks Orange County and is just a few miles from the Pacific Ocean. CUI offers 79 undergraduate majors, with popular programs in business administration, nursing, communication studies, and physical education. Concordia has a strong arts department offering majors in visual art, music, and theater. The Concordia University Eagles compete in the Pacific West Conference. Considering applying to Concordia University Irvine? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Concordia University Irvine had an acceptance rate of 62%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 62 students were admitted, making CUIs admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 3,995 Percent Admitted 62% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 13% SAT Scores and Requirements Concordia University Irvine requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 72% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 520 610 Math 510 610 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Concordia University Irvines admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to CUI scored between 520 and 610, while 25% scored below 520 and 25% scored above 610. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 510 and 610, while 25% scored below 510 and 25% scored above 610. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1220 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Concordia University Irvine. Requirements Concordia University Irvine participates in the scorechoice program, meaning that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. CUI does not require the optional essay portion of the SAT. Note that Concordia University Irvine requires applicants to have a minimum SAT (ERWM) score of 980. ACT Scores and Requirements Concordia University Irvine requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 43% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 20 27 Math 19 26 Composite 20 27 This admissions data tells us that most of Concordia University Irvines admitted students fall within the  top 48% nationally  on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to CUI received a composite ACT score between 20 and 27, while 25% scored above 27 and 25% scored below 20. Requirements Note that Concordia University Irvine does not require the optional writing portion of the ACT. Concordia University Irvine does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. Concordia University Irvine requires applicants to have a minimum ACT composite score of 18. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA for Concordia University Irvines incoming freshmen class was 3.44. This data suggests that most successful applicants to CUI have primarily high B grades. Note that a minimum GPA of 2.8 is required for admission to Concordia University Irvine. Admissions Chances Concordia University Irvine, which accepts over half of applicants, has a somewhat selective admissions process. If your SAT/ACT scores and GPA fall within the schools average range, you have a strong chance of being accepted. However, Concordia University Irvine also considers academic achievement in  rigorous coursework, Potential applicants should have a minimum of four years of English; three years of math; three years of science (including two with a lab); two years of history; and two years of the same foreign language. The Concordia University application are also requires applicants to provide information about  extracurricular and leadership activities, If You Like Concordia University Irvine, You May Also Like These Schools Chapman UniversityPepperdine UniversitySan Diego State UniversityCal PolyUniversity of California - IrvineUniversity of California - RiversideUniversity of the PacificUniversity of California - Los AngelesCalifornia State University - Long Beach All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Concordia University Irvine Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Do Insects Sleep

Sleep restores and rejuvenates. Without it, our minds arent as sharp, and our reflexes become dull. Scientists know for sure that birds, reptiles, and other mammals experience brain wave patterns similar to our own during periods of rest. But what about insects? Do bugs sleep? Its not quite as easy for us to tell whether insects sleep the way we do. They dont have eyelids, for one thing, so youll never see a bug close its eyes for a quick nap. Scientists havent found a way to study insect brain activity, as they have in other animals, to see if typical rest patterns occur.   Studies of Bugs and Sleep Scientists have studied insects in what appears to be a resting state, and have found some interesting parallels between human sleep and insect rest. In a study of fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), researchers videotaped and observed individual fruit flies in order to determine whether they slept. The study authors reported that the insects exhibited behaviors that suggested a sleep-like state. At a particular time in the circadian day, the fruit flies would retreat to their preferred napping locations and get comfortable. The insects would remain still for over 2.5 hours, although the scientists noted the flies would sometimes twitch their legs or probosces while at rest. During this period of rest, the fruit flies didnt respond easily to sensory stimuli. In other words, once the fruit flies were snoozing, the researchers had a tough time waking them up. Another study found that usually diurnal fruit flies with a certain gene mutation would become active at night, due to increased dopamine signals. The researchers noted this change in nocturnal behavior in fruit flies is similar to that seen in humans with dementia. In dementia patients, an increase in dopamine can cause agitated behavior in the evening, a symptom known as sundowning.   Studies have also shown that insects deprived of rest suffer much like people do. Fruit flies kept awake beyond their normal active period would recover the lost sleep by napping longer than usual when finally allowed to rest. And in one study population that was denied sleep for an extended period of time, the results were dramatic: About one-third of the fruit flies died. In a study of sleep-deprived honey bees, the insomniac bees could no longer perform an effective waggle dance to communicate with their colony mates. How Bugs Sleep So, by most accounts, the answer is yes, insects do sleep. Insects clearly rest at times and are aroused only by strong stimuli: the heat of day, the darkness of night, or perhaps a sudden attack by a predator. This state of deep rest is called torpor and is the closest behavior to true sleep that bugs exhibit. Migrating monarchs fly by day, and gather for large butterfly slumber parties as night falls. These sleep aggregations keep individual butterflies safe from predators while resting from the long days travels. Some bees have peculiar sleep habits. Certain members of the family Apidae will spend the night suspended by only the grip of their jaws on a favorite plant. Torpor also helps some insects adapt to life-threatening environmental conditions. The New Zealand weta lives at high elevations where nighttime temperatures get quite icy. To combat the cold, the weta simply goes to sleep at night and literally freezes. In the morning, it thaws out and resumes its activity. Many other insects seem to take a quick nap when threatened–think of the pillbugs that roll themselves into balls the moment you touch them. Sources: Do Insects Sleep or Are They Just Feigning It?, Tom Turpin, Professor of Entomology, Purdue UniversityDo insects sleep? The Straight Dope MailbagHendricks et al. Rest in  Drosophila  Is a Sleep-like State, Neuron  25(1), January 2000, pp.129–138.Shaw et al. Correlates of Sleep and Waking in  Drosophila melanogaster,  Science  287(5459),10 Mar 2000  pp.1834-1837.Genetics and Molecular Biology of Rhythms in Drosophila and Other Insects, by Jeffrey C. Hall, 2003.The Mystery of Sleep: Keeping Flies on the Clock, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. Accessed online March 2, 2016.Sundown Syndrome-like Symptoms in Fruit Flies May be Due to High Dopamine Levels,  Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. Accessed online March 2, 2016.Klein et al.  Sleep deprivation impairs precision of waggle dance signaling in honey bees,  Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences of the United States of America 107(52), 28  December 2010.

3d Tv Business Plan Free Essays

Business plan of 3D TV Executive summery LOGO[pic] 1. Problem: 3D TV market in China has great potential, but Chinese brands and foreign brands in terms of product quality and functionality,they are still a certain gap. What is the opportunity? Estimated 2013 flat-panel TV consumer demand of 42 million units, of which 20 million units of demand for 3D TV, smart TV demand 800 million units. We will write a custom essay sample on 3d Tv Business Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Consumer demand will return to the essential characteristics of the TV – picture quality and sound effects; 3D channel launch volume growth accelerated 3D Smart TV scale. Has not yet appeared on the market directly by the 2D signal into 3D signal TV 2. Solution: Create a brand for innovative 3D TV market in China. shui is the newest high-tech product, movie technology brought right to your living room, 3D effects to bring you the visual impact you can enjoy anytime, anywhere. If you want to see the common chanel , just change the signal to finish the transfert by 3D-2D. 3. Market facing fulfilling demand advantage From consumer groups, the average age of 3D TV consumption is becoming younger. To the age of marriage for young people will be more and more, they are the main purchaser of goods, all around us, you can see that they desire to buy the TV before marriage, but is missing in the second-tier cities such as Chongqing, Jinan, Hangzhou 3D television propaganda, in the second-tier cities, such as shopping malls, relatively speaking inside the 3D TV can not meet consumer multi-faceted, multi-selection requirements. I precisely for their needs and the setting up of the project, at the same time, the majority of manufacturers have also noticed that. Changhong, Konka, Hisense and other vendors . 4. Product with potential commercial value The main body of the project is to build a high, medium and low-grade TV. Required to achieve the purpose: to meet the vast majority of consumer demand for 3D TV. TV has great profit margins, very attractive terms from the manufacturers, merchants. Enterprises have power, market demand naturally easily from share part of the profits, part of the relatively solid profit. 5. Our company? We will build two manufacturing plants in Zhejiang, to build our R D base and the company is located in Hangzhou, the plant scale probably need about 50,000 square meters, fifteen thousand more than a thousand employees, the company has a chairman and general manager,R D Director, financial Director, sales Director, human Resources Director, logistics Officer, plant department manager. 6. Group Prisident : zhang weizhong – training / EMBA + Entrepreneur . Hongyu – experience / sales managers in SUNING. Coodinator developpment product GUOMEI in ShangHai. The business profile 1. Description of my business H2O Corporation is a Chinese multinational electronics company headquartered in ruian Zhejiang, China,which is 100 km northeast of the wenzhou. H2O is a China ‘s first self-developed 3D TV technoloy company, we not only sell our products to the market, to output our product philosopy : Innovation and change our lives! In addition, we will also build our own sales outlet based in the Pearl River Delta region, to establish a national entity with network the trinity-marketing standards mode. 2. Market and customer The concept of 3D TV launch time is not very long, but in the 1980s began to study abroad. Japan’s Panasonic and Sony invested heavily in higher technological content of products in this study. Currently on the market there are a lot of the concept of 3D TV, the effect is less obvious than ordinary liquid crystal effect. The main reason is really 3D resources, many movies and TV shows 3D sense is not very strong; another TV product technology is not as advertised or we imagine that there is a strong sense of three-dimensional. The actual market share about 10% to 20%, and consumer groups are mainly concentrated in the cities and the high-spending families. Future production with the large number of 3D films and television programs, 3D TV will be the rapid development of the market share will average 80% -120% of the rapid growth of 3D TV on the market in 2015 is expected to account for 45-60% of the market share. Means that 12-18% of Chinese households will have 3D TV by 2015 †¦ From a technical point of view, has a self-luminous, wider color gamut, color is more real and natural, more levels of detail, the inherent advantages of the 1080 line dynamic clarity, soft eye Plasma TV can better show the 3D image effect. The domestic color TV market, market sales of the top five are domestic brands, totaled 66. 02 percent share. Which Konka TV retail volume market share of 14. 27%. LCD TV sales, made eight brands in volume accounted for 70. 06 percent of the market share. Among them, Hisense ranked first in market share of 13. 18%. It is understood that, since the beginning of this year, foreign brands have launched two price war to try to impact on the domestic color TV market, but did not gain market advantage. The impact of foreign investment, but also indirectly promote domestic brands from Competition to Cooperation. Current market for our new company, is both an opportunity and also a challenge, and our market position is the position in which the competitors in the market for consumer products, the degree of attention strongly shape the enterprise product unique, gives the impression of a distinct personality or image, so that the product on the market to determine the appropriate location. We are not on a product itself, what to do and what to do, but in the minds of potential consumers. In other words, we need to determine an appropriate position in the minds of potential consumers to the product, and the positioning of our products in high quality, new technologies, and affordable. Our market positioning can be divided into a predetermined bit of re-positioning of existing products and potential products. The re-positioning of existing products may lead to a change of product name, price and packaging, but the purpose of these appearance changes in order to ensure that the products worth buying the image of the left in the minds of potential consumers. Pre-positioning of potential products, requires marketers must start from scratch to develop all of the 4Ps Features meets the selected target market. Conducting market positioning, on the one hand to understand the competitor’s product with what characteristics, on the other hand to study the degree of attention of the consumers of the various properties of the product. Our consumers will first be targeted at: Fever type: is the pursuit of the latest technology, the latest product of a group of people, but a limited number of their new creation of the new invention is extremely interested in and willing to try the immaturity of the technology and products, even yourself involved in personality or to the manufacturers recommendations. †¢ Pioneer type: more vision and pursuit of a group of people, a sensitive technologies, products, the willing nearing mature technologies and products to improve work efficiency and quality of life, walking in front of the most people. Our competitors Chinese brand: TCL,KONKA,HISENSE, CHANGHONG Foreign brand: SONY,SANSUNG,LG,TOSHIBA,SHARP [pic] [pic] Product Our Technology 3D TV-based competitiveness in the market, our company is also actively cooperate with the market demand, to the main 3D TV brand belongs to China, and our company’s core technology is the use of advanced production technology, production of a kind in the 3Dbetween the signal and 2D signal conversion machine, it’s very small size to install TV back of the motherboard. When people need to convert, just use the remote control to control it, this machine will then pass the signal to the monitor, the TV will start the conversion according to the instructions, the whole process takes only a minute. PRODUCT [pic][pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic] Competitive Comparison Our products are unique in the existing market. While there are other TV companies,none use these technology to produce 3D TV as ours. Our ideas come from listening to what other consumers have to say. Financial projection [pic] Benchmark[pic] Profit yearly [pic] 1 Marketing et sales Product positioning â€Å"One and the only one† At present, there is only one 3D television channel in china. Not only it does not broadcast all-weather, but also the audiences must pay more cost to receive it. In addition, these programs of 3D television channel in china always have broadcasted in the general channel and had no more attraction. In consequence, the 3D televisions in Chinese family just are the common television in usual except watching 3D DVD or playing 3D TV games sometimes, can not show the 3D visual effects. There is not any brand’s 3D television can change the situation right now. But the innovation of our 3D television breaks up the situation. Our 3D television is the first and the unique 3D television can change the signal 2D from general television channel to 3D by itself in the world. The appearance of our 3D television is a revolutionary change for the 3D television’s market. Our 3D television is the one and the only one product in the market. Make a price From the report of the Chinese 3D television’s market in April 2012(resource: http://big5. askci. com/news/201205/31/311653860124. shtml ), we will analyze and make sure our main product and its price. From the 3D television’s screen size, the large screen size 3D television is a mainstream product which is all over 20% by the consumer attention of screen size for 42 inch, 46 inch and 55 inch. The 46 inch screen size is the most popular. Proportion of top three concerns is more than 70%, showing the popularity of large screen size 3D television. [pic] In April 2012, China 3 d LCD TV market mainstream size product attention proportional distribution (Source: ZDC) From the price of a product, 5001-8000 RMB price segment 3D television has been in most of the concerns of consumers, concerned about the ratio reached 34. %, 3001-5000 RMB has also attracted the attention of consumer more than twenty percent. [pic] In April 2012, China 3 d LCD TV market price of different period of product attention proportional distribution (source: ZDC) Compare the current average price of the main dimensions of the 3D TV market in China, in addition to 46 and 55 inches and larger products, other dimensions of 3D TV price in 10000 RMB within. 42 and 47 inches from the Chinese local brands and LG, while 40 and 46 inches from Samsung, Sony, Sharp and other manufacturers, so their price is relatively high. [pic] In august 2011, size of 3D in Chinese TV market’s product average price(source: ZDC) From different brand, the foreign’s brands, such as: Samsung, LG, Sony, Sharp†¦, occupy the most of high-end market and the super large size 3D television’s market (plus 52 Inch); the Chinese’s brands, such as: TCL, Hisense, Konka, Changhong, Skyworth†¦, occupy the most of low-end market. Normally, the price of foreign’s brands ‘3D televisions are made mostly triple than the Chinese’s brands‘3D televisions in the same size. We will take an example of the price of the most popular screen size 46 Inch in different brands: |Samsung |LG |Sony | |Land rent |? 3,000,000 |? 3,000,000 |? 3,000,000 | |Office rent |? 500,000 |? 500,000 |? 500,000 | |construction |? 2,000,000 |? 100,000 |? 100,000 | |Raw Materials |? 10,000,000 |? 12,500,000 |? 15,000,000 | |Equipment |? 0,000,000 |? 100,000 |? 500,000 | |salary |? 35,000,000 |? 38,000,000 |? 30,00 0,000 | |Advertisement |? 10,000,000 |? 8,000,000 |? 5,000,000 | |Research |? 10,000,000 |? 10,000,000 |? 10,000,000 | |Current funds |? 10,000,000 |? 10,000,000 |? 10,000,000 | |Insurance |? 1,000,000 |? ,000,000 |? 1,000,000 | |Other |? 2,000,000 |? 2,000,000 |? 2,000,000 | |Total |? 113,500,000 |? 85,200,000 |? 77,100,000 | In the second year and third year, the investment demand will gradually decrease. With the improvement of the profit, this plan calls for the bank loans to be repaid in the third year, these personal investments will be shared out bonus at the end of years according to the 20% of the investment. Risk prevention Possible risk and solution Risk: same industry competitors? Like every new company, new brand enter the fiercely competitive market at the very start, we must meet the strong competition counterparts to stop us to gain market share, such as: the others brands’ products significantly depreciate sales promotion, negative campaigning from the others brands’ and they will stand together to threat the dealers stop supplying their products if the dealers sell our products. Solution: So we must make a right price and reinforce the market communication to get market recognition and enough consumers as soon as possible, thereby to enter the market and seek more development opportunities. Risk: material purchase? Suppliers casually raise prices of raw and processed materials Solution: As far as possible to expand purchase channels, compare the suppliers based on the quality, price and credibility. Choose the best supplier and establish a stable supplier chain. Risk: environmental pollution? The environmental pollution principal means the scrap TV pollution. It has a lot of heavy metals harmful to humans. If casually discarded harmful substances as rainwater into the underground or like a garbage landfill incineration, these harmful substances will stay here for a long time in the natural and the destruction of the ecological environment, and may at any time through a number of channels to enter the inside of the human body, so as to endanger human health. Solution: We will install a specialized decomposition of the old TV production line imported from Japan . ———————– Looking at the changes in the market, to fully grasp the pulse of the market, coldly towards market competition, the courage to challenge, ebullient, make their own taste and style, to create first-class brand —-slogan _____ zhang weizhong chairman How to cite 3d Tv Business Plan, Essay examples

Fighting for Civil Rights during the 608217s Essay Example For Students

Fighting for Civil Rights during the 608217s Essay The struggle began with non-violent protests. Backed by students, the civil rights movement trudged onward. African Americans staged mass protests to show their support. Despite all this, many racial barriers still remained in the South. Black objectives were redefined in the 60’s when militant black consciousness developed. The great society emerged providing hope for all. Liberal optimism swept the nation and liberalism influenced internationally. The latter part of the 60’s was characterized by discontent. Jim Crow laws made African Americans second class citizens, but they fought against segregation using passive resistance. During World War II black activism originated, followed by the Supreme Court reversing the Plessy v. Ferguson trial. This led Martin Luther King, one of the great civil rights leaders, to emphasize the need for voting rights. Black students organized sit-ins to protest segregation. Using that as an example, student activists formed their own civil rights organization and focused more closely on local issues. African Americans helped president Kennedy win the election of 1960. Freedom riders sought to deplete segregation of the upper hand in the Deep South. African Americans had built up momentum and were staging mass protests. The leaders of these protests focused their efforts on Birmingham. In awe at the numbers gathered during the March on Washington, the public supported the civil rights law. The civil rights act eliminated â€Å"whites only† public facilities. In spite of the civil rights act, many racial barriers remained in the south. Civil rights leaders played a big role in Mississippi. They encouraged voter registration and recruited white volunteers. King concentrated on the voting rights issue in 1965, resulting in civil rights workers forming their own political party. Militant blacks, such as Malcolm X emphasized black separatism and political power. He encouraged urban black military, and it increased in the mid 1960’s. The civil rights movement reaffirmed constitutional principles. Kennedy was one of the greatest presidents this nation has ever seen. Barely defeating Nixon, his charisma captured American hearts. Kennedy had many great programs in action. Johnson pushed these programs, to take them to the top. Kennedy also developed a more active foreign policy. Although the bay of pigs invasion ended disastrously, Kennedy still was able to put an end to the Cuban missile crisis. Tragically, Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. Johnson continued Kennedy’s foreign policy. The government was stepping up at this time. Expanding social welfare programs, and waging a war on poverty were just a couple of the Great Society programs. The great society was a package of programs hoping to help the economy. Great society programs had mixed results. The late part of the 60’s was characterized by discontent. The civil rights movement spawned social activism. There were many protests, especially on college campuses. The counterculture rejected traditional standar ds and style. Many young people followed this trend and it began to be accepted. Feminism experienced a rebirth. The battle for women’s rights showed great discontent in America. Ethnic groups gained more power. Martin Luther King was the key leader in the civil rights movement. It seems like he got things done, and others were inspired by his courage. President Kennedy did many great things for our country and his charisma was in all our hearts. Without these great leaders where would we be today. Bibliography:

Impacts of Databases and ERPs on the Industry/Military

When computers were invented they were first restricted to the military but as time moved on other institutions realized that computers can be used to enhance their productivity. Computers use software programs to perform their duties such as managing payroll services among others. The applications have incorporated data from various sources to enable them execute their functions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impacts of Databases and ERPs on the Industry/Military specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The systems are called enterprise resource management planning. According to Ocasio (2007), they make work easier because they are able to receive information from the customers and then process that same data for the required services. In brief they make service delivery to be quicker. The ERPs as they are called have both negative and positive impacts on the military and the industry in general and this paper is mean t to review some of those effects. First and foremost, for these systems to be developed both the companies and the military have to employ highly qualified personnel to manage these systems. At this point companies have an upper hand because they can hire experts from overseas or simply outsource their personnel from developing nations such as India which has the most appropriate man power in this field. On the other hand the military hands are tied up because it is unethical to employ someone who is from another country or who is not in the military. This implies that budgetary allocations of the affected bodies, that is, the military and the enterprises will have to swell. This is because both the armies and the enterprises will spend more money in training their staff. When military and organizations are automating their operations they have to evaluate the available software to determine the ones that are compatible with their needs. Inappropriate software could fail the instit ution concerned. In military operations automation includes the way materials are obtained from the suppliers, from request orders to invoicing the suppliers. For such transactions to be efficient the institutions involved must ensure that security of their transactions is not compromised. This means that they have to employ high tech security tools to ensure that unauthorized persons do not access the data involved in transactions. Leon (2008) explains that automated systems have enhanced the performance of the above mentioned entities compared to when tasks were handled manually. For instance, the US air force is able to deploy jets that are not operated by any human being over the skies of the enemy and at the same time stage an attack on the target. This has helped the US forces to minimize casualties on their side because if the unmanned jet is attacked no one will be injured or killed.Advertising Looking for essay on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get you r first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, data or information obtained from the satellite can be used to monitor the events on the whole world. Many countries such as China are investing in high-tech technologies because they have realized that in today’s world winning in wars is not determined by the number of military men and women in a country but the intelligence of the military in launching attacks. ERPs enhance the performance of the military because data is centrally stored in databases and can be recalled instantly hence when decisions are being made they take shorter durations to be implemented because their systems are intertwined, unlike when each system was running separately. The same applies to other enterprises especially in business world. ERPs are quite useful for institutions that have various branches within a country and internationally (Grant, 2003). In the military, the various bases and units in different locations have a uniform way of e xecuting their duties because the available information is placed on the system where the relevant personnel can access it. For ERPs to be more efficient they have to be incorporated with the internet to allow the provision of information to be in real time. If the information is not conveyed in real time the actions taken may not be effective. Most of the transactions involving the military and their suppliers are paperless because they normally have a dedicated website that is linked to those of their suppliers. When the military is looking for suppliers it places the tenders on its website and the suppliers who are interested in those tenders are requested to submit their applications in the website. The tendering process is also automated because the system has its own customized criteria of selecting successful bidders (Cook Graser, 2001). This means that there is minimal human interaction in this process hence there are no chances of impunity. If the tenders were awarded manu ally there would be a lot of impunity ranging from nepotism to racism. Banks (2007) points out that most institutions have not been able to embrace ERPs because they don not have adequate funding from the relevant bodies. For instance, the military is usually funded by the government but if the money allocated to it is not enough ERPs cannot be introduced.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impacts of Databases and ERPs on the Industry/Military specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More ERPs meant for the military and other institutions have restrictions on their access because the information they hold can be manipulated without a trace if everyone was allowed to enter into the system as they wished. In the military user passwords are issued to people who hold higher ranks. This is because there have been so many cases of canvassing in the recent past. There are instances when ERPs are not used effectively because the insti tution may have ignored the option of training their staff on the new system. If the system is not performing as it should, the institution has to configure it to meet its specifications. There are some reasons as to why some ERPs in the military and other institutions failed. The first blame falls on the administrators for being negligent. One expects the senior administrators to spearhead the development and implementation of the ERP but on the contrary the same leaders are the ones who don not engage in the implementation procedures which in return demoralize the other officers. The senior officers must be active in the whole process of rolling out the ERP. Their absence will induce the other juniors to play around (Cook Graser, 2001). When new systems are being introduced there are some tasks that should be carried out manually especially, if they include redundant data, until the system has been configured thoroughly to enable a smooth transition. If this issue is ignored the ERP may not function properly. It is therefore advisable to roll out a new system gradually so that the users can get used to it. Additionally, some institutions have very high expectations because they think that the changes will be realized overnight. ERP requires a lot of patience because the positive impacts cannot be felt within the first few months because during this time users will be familiarizing themselves with the system. During this orientation period there are users who will be reluctant in embracing the new system. Lack of patience drives some military administrators back to the old system because they assume that the newer ERP did not meet their expectations. Staff training concerning how an ERP functions should be thorough and should include all the people that are likely to use the system. If the other members of staff and the customers don not know what to expect, executing the ERP will be a difficult task.Advertising Looking for essay on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During training sessions the administrators should ensure that all the stakeholders are comfortable with the new system and if any problems are noticed like those that affect people with special needs such as poor eyesight, the administrators should request the developer of the ERP to make some changes so that everyone is at ease with the system. During the training period potential users should be allowed to express their opinions concerning the new system. Resistance to change is another problem because there are people who see the new system as a threat to their positions. Chang (2007) explains that this is common in an institution where some people have been engaging in dubious deals for their own gains. They tremble when they hear about the new system because they fear that the new system will unmask their activities. Besides, there are people who feel that the new system will throw them out of the business or the institution because they know they have not been adhering to the laid out ethics. Moreover, there are people who fear that the system will crush at some point hence they have negative attitude towards it. Others feel that there efforts will no longer be appreciated because most of their duties will be carried out by the new system. There are instances when failure of the ERP is owed to the clash between the features of the software and the nature of institutional operations. Institutions should consider ERPs that are relevant to them and not adopt an ERP for the sake of having one because having an ERP and its efficiency are two different things. Another issue that contributes to failure of ERPs in the military and other institutions is the correctness of data held in the database of the system. Incorrect data can result in errors which in return causes the confidence of the users towards the system to decline hence they will revert to the previous system. Therefore, the military and other institutions must address all the issues mentioned above before rolling out an ERP. For the case of other institutions rather than the military, experts can be outsourced from service providers because it is cheaper compared to hiring new personnel. References Banks, J. (2007). RFID Applied. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Chang, Y.W. (2007). Network-Centric Service Oriented Enterprise. Dordrecht: Springer Cook, R.C. Graser, C.J. (2001). Military Airframe Acquisition Costs: The Effects of Lean Manufacturing. Santa Monica, CA: Rand. Grant, G. (2003). ERP Data Warehousing in Organizations: Issues and Challenges, London: IRM Press. Leon, A. (2008). ERP Demystified. (2nd Ed.). New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. Ocasio, A. (2007). Enterprise Resource Planning: The final (Automated logistics) Frontier. Army Logistician. Michigan: Thomson Gale. 39(4): 52(2) This essay on Impacts of Databases and ERPs on the Industry/Military was written and submitted by user Santiago N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

9 Different Minerals Used as Abrasives

9 Different Minerals Used as Abrasives Abrasives today are largely precision-manufactured substances, but natural mineral abrasives are often still used. A good abrasive mineral is not just hard, but  also tough and sharp. It must be plentiful or at least widespread and pure. Not many minerals share all these attributes,  so the list of abrasive minerals is short but interesting.   Sanding Abrasives   Sanding was originally done with (surprise!) sand fine-grained quartz. Quartz sand is hard enough for woodworking (Mohs hardness 7), but its not very tough or sharp. The virtue of sand sandpaper is its cheapness. Fine woodworkers do occasionally use flint sandpaper or glass paper.  Flint, a form of chert,  is a rock made of microcrystalline quartz. Its no harder than quartz but its tougher so its sharp edges last longer. Garnet paper is still widely available. The garnet mineral almandine is harder than quartz (Mohs 7.5), but its real virtue is its sharpness, giving it cutting power without scratching wood too deeply. Corundum  is the workhorse abrasive of sandpaper.  Extremely hard (Mohs 9) and sharp, corundum is also usefully brittle, breaking into sharp fragments that keep on cutting. Its great for wood, metal, paint, and plastic. All sanding products today use artificial corundum aluminum oxide. If you find an old stash of emery cloth or paper, it probably uses the real mineral. Emery is a natural mix of fine-grained corundum and magnetite. Polishing Abrasives   Three natural abrasives are commonly used for polishing and cleaning  metal:  enamel finishes, plastic, and tile. Pumice is a stone, not a mineral, a volcanic product with a very fine grain. Its hardest mineral is quartz, so it has a gentler action than sanding abrasives. Softer still is feldspar (Mohs 6), which is most famously used in the Bon Ami brand household cleaner. For the most delicate polishing and cleaning work, such as with  jewelry and fine crafts, the gold standard is tripoli, also called rottenstone. Tripoli is microscopic, microcrystalline quartz mined from beds of decomposed limestone. Sandblasting and Waterjet Cutting Applications of these industrial processes range from scrubbing rust off of steel girders to inscribing gravestones, and a wide range of blasting abrasives is in use today. Sand is one, of course, but airborne dust from crystalline silica is a health hazard. Safer alternatives include garnet, olivine (Mohs 6.5) and staurolite (Mohs 7.5). Which to choose depends on many factors other than mineralogical considerations, including cost, availability, the material being worked, and the experience of the worker. Many artificial abrasives are in use in these applications, too, as well as in  exotic things like ground walnut shells and solid carbon dioxide. Diamond Grit The hardest mineral of all is diamond (Mohs 10), and diamond abrasive is a large part of the world diamond market. Diamond paste is available in many grades for sharpening hand tools, and you can even buy nail files impregnated with diamond grit for the ultimate grooming aid. Diamond is best suited for cutting and grinding tools, however, and the drilling industry uses lots of diamond for drill bits. The material used is worthless as jewelry, being black or included - full of inclusions - or too fine-grained. This grade of diamond is called bort. Diatomaceous Earth The powdery substance composed of the microscopic shells of diatoms is known as diatomaceous earth or DE. Diatoms are a kind of algae that form exquisite skeletons of amorphous  silica.  DE is not abrasive to humans, metals, or anything else in our everyday world, but at the microscopic scale, its very damaging to insects. The broken edges of crushed diatom shells scratch holes in their hard outer skins, causing their internal fluids to dry out. Its safe enough to strew in the garden or to mix with food, such as stored grain, to prevent infestations. When they arent calling it diatomite, geologists have another name for DE, borrowed from German: kieselguhr.

Prcis from Aristotle's De Generatione et Corruptione II.9 (335b8) Assignment

Prcis from Aristotle's De Generatione et Corruptione II.9 (335b8) - Assignment Example Knowledge is seen as an essential component in one’s life. In addition, Aristotle believes that there are some things that exist in the sensible world and have essential natures. He continues to add that there are things which exist in the sensible world that cannot be otherwise plus acquiring knowledge of the things is possible. Aristotle simple brings the essence of acquiring knowledge of the unknown which exist in the sensible world. A good example of this could be the knowledge of the soul which is discussed in his Phaedo. Concerning Aristotle’s Phaedo, its sole purpose was to talk about the human soul. According to Aristotle, the soul is regarded as immortal. He argues that the soul before it started to live in a human body at birth, meant it came from somewhere, and after death, will also have to go somewhere. This correlation brought to him coming up with the possibilities of two worlds existing separate from each other. He refers one of the worlds as a world of sensible particulars and the other, the world of form. The world of sensible particulars as discussed by Aristotle contains objects that can be touched and have sense. He adds that they include living things with souls like plants, animals and man. In addition, the world of form contains aspects that exist in objects. Aristotle also refers to forms as universal aspects. He adds that the soul is in between these two worlds since he argues that the soul existed before birth and would return to where it came from after death. He continues by saying that when one is alive, the soul is trapped in one’s body and by so living in the sensible world. Souls according to Aristotle are regarded as sensible things by being particular in contrast to forms which are universal. Aristotle depicts the souls as the first actuality of any natural body and got the potential of having life. The catch will be that the soul has to occupy a body with organs in order for life to exist. In addition, th e soul cannot exist without immorality. Aristotle insists that the soul may leave a body when dead and remains in the world, wonders until when it gets another body to live. In the world of forms, Aristotle rejected Plato’s theory of forms that stated that properties like beauty are generally abstract universal entities which exist totally independent of the objects. Instead, Aristotle argues that forms cannot exist apart from objects since they are intrinsic to them. However, when he discusses art, Aristotle rejects this theory. He instead adds that artists try to capture idealized universal forms. The nature of universals in Aristotle's philosophy therefore hinges on his view of natural kinds. Aristotle basically transformed Plato's forms to "formal causes", the essence or blueprints of individual things. Concerning the â€Å"formal† causes, Aristotle argues forms are powerless in explaining why things change or die since they cannot alter or move physical objects of sensation. He adds that forms may not be of importance in explaining how we get knowledge of particular things. This he supports by arguing that one cannot get knowledge of a substance before getting knowledge of the substance in it. Aristotle also argues forms could not explain the existence of particular objects. Aristotle basically refutes his teacher’s teachings and comes with his own perspective of what cause are. Therefore according to Aris

Prove Me Wrong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prove Me Wrong - Essay Example I cannot affirm that this has changed. However, it has come to my concern that looks can be deceiving, and what I think is right is not necessarily so. I trust easily, I am kind, I care, and I love my family and friends. Whilst these personal traits might not change over my lifetime, handling them with ultimate care is vital. They make me easy to persuade, subsequently vulnerable to exploitation. It is in the family setting that I learned to stand by my friends and family. Whenever an issue occurred, social or financial, I would do my best to save the situation. For this reason, everybody seemed to like me. My family and friends enjoyed my company and came to me for help any time they felt like. I would give my advice or offer whatever I have if the issue was financial. However, I expected that anything borrowed from me should be returned, especially where monetary values were attached. Months and years passed before things started changing. After some time, I realized that my genero sity, kindness, care, and love were being taken for granted. They started being used as avenues to exploit me. My friends and family had known me too well, allowing them to take advantage of my weak point.

Strategic alignment

Strategic alignment Chapter 1: Introduction 12 Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Overview This chapter introduces the research background and context for this investigation. An introduction to strategic alignment is presented with the aim of establishing the context of this research, followed by an explanation of the importance of business strategy and Information Technology (IT) and the uniqueness of organizational culture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). In addition, the knowledge gap and research methodology were explained. In light of these arguments the aims and objectives are presented together with an outline of the thesis structure. 1.2 Research Background For the last two decades the relevance of alignment between business and IT strategies has continuously grown and remains a top priority for academics and practitioners. Research suggests that aligning business and IT strategies has a positive effect on organisational performance (Teo and King, 1996; Reich and Benbasat, 2000; Chan et al., 2006). The annual survey on top management concerns by the Society for Information Management (www.simnet.org) however ranked ‘IT and Business alignment as the No. 1 concern for four years in a row (Society of Information Management, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006). In last years survey, alignment lost its doubtful honor as the ‘top concern to drop to only the second place on the list (Society of Information Management, 2007). But it came back in 2008 and regained the No.1 spot as the top concern. Moreover, the value of IT has been related to strategic alignment (Tallon and Kraemer, 2003). They found that organisations with strategic goals for IT showed higher levels of strategic alignment and, as a consequence, the perception of IT business value was higher. However, organisations that have developed IT strategies often fail to deliver IT business value, despite having integrated their business and IT strategies. This suggests business-IT strategy is necessary but not sufficient to deliver business value from IT investments (Peppard et al., 2000; Benbya and McKelvey, 2006). Strategic alignment research has extensively discussed the coordination between business and IT strategy (Henderson and Venkatraman, 1993; Reich and Benbasat, 2000; Kearns and Sabherwal, 2007). As strategic alignment has become embedded in the strategic management process, a closer relationship between IT and business managers is required to establish a two-way commitment that enables managers in both IT and business domains to prioritise IT projects that will support the business strategy (Luftman et al., 1999). Figure (1) summarizes the Information System/Business relationship which can be described as ‘Interdependent; where any changes in the IS (Software, Hardware, Database and Telecommunication devices will have an impact on the Business and vice versa; any change in the business (Strategy, Rules and Procedures) will have its impact on the Information Systems function of the organization [2]. Figure 1: The interdependence between organizations and information systems (Laudon Laudon, 2006) This commitment, however, has been difficult to achieve at strategic level in organisations and consequently difficult to transmit to lower levels within organisations (Lycett et al., 2004; Srivannaboom, 2006). Additionally, the frequent failure of IT projects has reduced the trust of senior managers in IT investments and their business value (Peppard et al., 2000; Taylor, 2000; Hartman and Ashrafi, 2004). When an IT strategy is conceived at strategic level, it may be aligned with company goals; however, as it moves down through the lower levels of an organisation to be implemented, the original objectives for which the strategy was conceived can be lost. Relationships between business and IT implementers are not always close and IT staff tends to be more concerned with technical issues. Business and IT also need a close relationship at implementation level to ensure the project goals are well communicated and understood (Lederer and Salmela, 1996; Campbell et al., 2005). The interaction between information technology and organizations is influenced by many mediating factors, including the organizations structure, standard operating procedures, politics, culture, surrounding environment, and management decisions as shown in figure (2). and information Technology (Laudon Laudon, 2006) Therefore the motivation behind this research is to develop a model that depicts the dynamic interrelationships between the factors affecting strategic alignment taking into consideration the organizational culture (OC) in Saudi organisations. OC and strategy Connie Curran, (2002) a researcher and practitioner in the healthcare sector, wrote â€Å"Culture eats strategy for lunch every time†. In this simple statement she has eloquently summarized one of the strongest themes in the literature on strategy implementation, which is that it doesnt matter how wonderful your organizations strategy is, if its culture does not support it, the strategy will not be realized even if the goals and infrastructure are aligned. Aligning organizational culture to strategy accelerates strategy execution. Organizational culture includes the highly influential sets of norms, values, assumptions, beliefs and behaviors which influence the selection, design and implementation of strategic initiatives, impacting growth and operational strategies. Misaligned cultures create drag that impairs the performance of the organizations ‘engines for growth, hobbling strategies from being achieving to their full potential. OC and IT It is a common statement that we are now living in an era of rapid technology development. The adoption and implementation of new technologies, in many cases, is imperative not only to improve productivity, efficiency or to cater to new demand and requirements but also to ensure the survival of the business itself. ‘The introduction of any new technology into an occupation, organisation, or society can be seen as a cultural change problem (Schein 1989). The success or failure of integrating a new technology in an organisation is, to a large degree, dependent on its ability to adjust or change its culture. The creation and/or existence of a certain cultural environment may be essential to ensure the successful implementation of a new technology. The new technology once has been put in use in an organisation, in turn, will dictate further changes in the organisations culture. Many current examples can be found in relation to the areas of automation and information technology. 1.6 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) The culture of Saudi Arabia is a rich one that has been shaped by its Islamic heritage, its historical role as an ancient trade center, and its Bedouin traditions. Saudi Arabia is considered a very high context culture, which means that the message people are trying to convey often relies heavily on other communicative cues such as body language and eye-contact rather than direct words. Saudi traditions are rooted in Islamic teachings and Arab customs, which Saudis learn about at an early age from their families and in schools. Arab traditions also play an important role in Saudi life. These age-old traditions have evolved over the millennia and are highly regarded. They include generosity and hospitality, which every Saudi family offers to strangers, friends, and family [50]. One of the most important features of the Saudi culture is the segregation of the sexes. Segregation, which means not permit women to mix with unrelated men. Also Shyness is another important characteristic that people should uphold. The other important feature in the Saudi culture is family ties, where Muslim is expected to keep contact with his relatives [51]. Respect and friendship are values that are held very highly by the Saudi people, business setting, favors based on mutual benefit and trust are ways of enhancing these cultural values. Due to the personal nature of business in Saudi Arabia, family influence and personal connections often take precedence over other governing factors [52]. Saudi Arabia is behind in the area of IT, which could be contributed to several factors including Computer illiteracy, lack of government incentives to attract businesses, the absence of adequate infrastructure to support industry, poor enforcement of intellectual property and copy right laws, and lack of resources [53]. 1.7 Knowledge Gap Based on the above, and through screening some of the existing strategic alignment models in the literature review, the researcher figured out that to achieve such an alignment there is a need to consider and integrate the following points: Most of staff, if not all, is unaware of business goals and objectives, especially in the environment of Saudi Arabia. Important technical investments decisions are made by the IT manager alone. No relationship exists (Gap) between Business strategy and IT strategy. A lot of factors are not taken into consideration when forming strategic alignment, such as Structure, Culture, politics, and others. Strategic alignment models discussed only top management level and discarded other levels. Previous strategic alignment models are hard to be understood and implemented in reality. The models discussed in the literature review may have achieved one or two of the above six points, however, there is no existing model that has achieved the above six points altogether. Based on the above, the researcher has selected Strategic Alignment as a starting and a centre area of research that he is building on to fulfill the other points mentioned. The model that the researcher is aiming to establish differs from the existing ones in that it will meet the requirements and challenges of the Saudi environment taking into consideration the 6 above points. 1.8 Research Aims Significance To bridge the gap between Business Strategy and Information Technology Strategy through developing and designing a simple Strategic Alignment Model, that includes the essence of the major research works in addition to other strategic alignment theories available To highlight the role of socio-cultural aspects as a critical success factor for successful IT implementation, which were not taken into consideration in the past To measure the contribution of such a model to business performance. To encourage Saudi Firms to use such a model to gain competitive competition. To reduce the associated costs of implementing Information Systems in Organization 1.9 Research methods The researcher has used the mixed research methodology. Mixed research involves the mixing of quantitative and qualitative methods or paradigm characteristics within a stage of the study or across two of the stages of the research process. It collects data either sequentially of simultaneously to best understand research problems [16]. Advantages of using mixed research includes: the major goal for researcher who design and conduct mixed research is to follow the fundamental principle of mixed research, in other words, the researcher should mix quantitative and qualitative research methods, procedures, and paradigm characteristics in a way that the resulting mixture or combination has complementary strengths and non-overlapping weaknesses. When different approaches are used to focus on the same phenomenon, while providing the same result, is a strong evidence for the result. Other important reason for doing mixed research are to complement one set of results with another, to expand a set of results, or to discover something that would have been missed if only a quantitative or a qualitative approach had been used[17]. 1.9.1 Quantitative Method One of the most widely used research techniques can be defined as collecting data through written questions [17]. There are a number of different ways in which questionnaires can be administered; for example: posted to the intended respondents or administered over the telephone or face-to-face. A questionnaire design provides a quantitative description of trends, attitudes, or opinions of a population by studying a sample of that population. From sample results, the researcher generalizes or makes claims about a population [18]. 1.9.2 Qualitative Method Interviews are considered to be the main tool of the qualitative researcher for data collection [18]. Additionally, since the interpretive stance is also being followed, interviews are viewed to be the main and appropriate source from where data has been collected. According to Walsham, interviews allow the best access to the interpretations that the participants have regarding the actions and events, which have or are taking place and the views and aspirations of themselves and other participants. An added benefit is that it allows researchers to step back and examine the interpretations of their fellow participants in some detail, and this is an advantage that other methods may not allow [18]. There are several types of interviews possible for use, structured, semi-structured and unstructured interviews. In this study the semi-structured interview type was used due to different reasons. The semi-structured interview lies somewhere in between the other two types. It allows the interviewer to explore, probe and ask questions within a subject area less freely than the unstructured interview and with more freedom in sequencing of questions and timing for each question than the structured type. It allows the interviewer to explore more ideas and make use of unexpected and unforeseen information as it revealed. In addition, this study is a limited time study and since the timing required in conducting semi-structured interview is less than that required from the unstructured type, this type was chosen. To make the interview proceed smoothly, an Interview Guide was designed. A participation information sheet was also designed to familiarise the participants with the research purpose and to assure them of anonymity and confidentiality. Before conducting the semi-structured interview, each participant was asked to fill and sign a consent form with a copy kept with him/her. See Appendix F and G for the (Interview Guide, Invitation letter, Participation Information Sheet, and Consent Form). 24 interviews were conducted within the four organizations. The collected data from the interviews were converted into a quantitative format (frequencies) using content analysis method, where the collected data were summarized on a summary sheet. Then it was categorized to meet the research objectives, which was then displayed on a table. Rating for the results was calculated using Microsoft office Excel spreadsheet. 1.9.3 Secondary Data In order to gain a richer picture of Strategic Alignment concepts, a literature survey was conducted from published books, articles, journals, etc. All data from the primary case study (questionnaires and interviews), secondary case studies and documents were combined and linked together to give the base for designing the Strategic Alignment Model. 1.9.4 Data analysis Data gathered was analyzed through frequency distributions. These have given way to reviewing the data categories and the number of referrals in each category. With relation to data analysis, the indicators that were used in evaluating the study include the age of the respondent; the social status; the educational attainment of the respondents; the occupation of the respondents and their length of stay in the company they belong to [19]. The research has involved 4 large organizations, SABB (Saudi British Bank), Saudi Airlines, AL-Marai, and AlTawniah, where interviews have been conducted with business managers to have a clear idea about the companys business strategy. Also, other interviews took place with IT directors to investigate about the IT strategy and its relationship with the business strategy. In addition,2 sets of questionnaires were distributed among different levels of the organizations to come up with the types of organizational culture and the use of Information technology in those organizations. At the end, data were collected and analyzed through using SPSS software and content analysis. Figure depicts the various steps that compromised the research framework 1.10 Expected Research Outcomes The results from this research are anticipated to be of great help to top managers, strategic planners, IT managers, and other work force in Saudi environment, and will contribute to the following factors: Increasing the awareness of Strategic Alignment Concept and its importance. Showing the importance of the use of Information Technology in organizations Identifying the organizational culture as a major factor of achieving strategic alignment. Encouraging decision makers and top management to apply and implement strategic alignment throughout the organization. Highlighting the weaknesses of previous strategic alignment models and the lessons learned, which would help other researchers for future work 1.11 Indicative Thesis Structure The thesis will contain nine chapters: Chapter 1: Introduction: Presents an overview about the research subject. It shows the importance of strategic alignment in all sectors, followed by bridging the gap between business strategy and IT strategy, and the factors that affect strategic alignment, including the organizational culture in Saudi Arabia. The research aims and significance then was explained followed by a brief discussion of the research methodology, research framework, then prospected research contribution was mentioned. Chapter 2: Literature Review: Provides the literature review for this research. It begins with explaining Business strategy, Business planning and its tools, followed by a discussion of IT strategy, IT planning, and its tools. Then a discussion of strategic alignment was presented. And ended with an overview of previous strategic alignment models. Chapter 3: Research design and methodology: The chapter details the research process adopted and continues with an explanation of the data collection and data analysis methods employed by the researcher including justification for the approach and methods. The detailed questionnaire and interviews preparation and use process is described, followed by the reliability and validity tests. There is reasoning provided in this chapter for the use of data interpretation techniques and softwares like the SPSS Content analysis. Chapter 4: Selection of Strategic Alignment Model Parameters: Presents the organizational culture parameters selected by the researcher, the validity of this selection, and their relationship with the two main components of strategic alignment (Business strategy IT strategy) Chapter 5: Information Technology Use Questionnaires Analysis: This chapter introduces findings from a survey of 62 Information Technology (IT) managers to establish general perceptions of added value(s) of IT investments in Saudi organizations. Chapter 6: Organizational Culture Impact Questionnaires Analysis: Discusses and examines the data collected through the questionnaires from 400 staff in the selected Saudi firms, to identify the importance of organizational culture in strategic alignment. Chapter 7: Interviews Analysis: Talks about and analyses the data collected through the interviews in the 4 Saudi firms where 12 Business managers and 12 IT managers were approached. The chapter ended with an interviews summary and conclusions. Chapter 8: Hypothesis Formulating: Chapter 8 presents and discusses the research hypotheses. Dependent and independent variables were discussed in details. The chapter ended with a detail visual model showing the predicted relationship between dependent and independent variables Chapter 9: Conclusion and Recommendations: Proposes the new strategic alignment model, and concludes the study and gives recommendations and future directions. The Effect of OC on Strategic alignment in Saudi Firms Hatem Tamimi

Baz luhrmann’s interpretation of Romeo and Juliet Essay

Shakespeare uses a prologue at the start of his play for a number of reasons. Firstly, it acts as an introduction to the story. We learn about the rivalry between the two families, †Ancient Grudge† it also makes clear that it is a tragic story of two †star – cross’d lovers † who are destined to die because of their families hatred. The prologue is like the opening to a film because both need to grab your attention. The setting of Baz Luhrmann’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is in the west coast of America, in a setting, which he calls Verona Beach. However this is not true as the beach’s real name is Venice Beach but the reason why he uses this is because it reminds everyone where William Shakespeare actually set the play, he set the play in Verona so by changing the name he has made quite a remarkable thing by making sure everyone knows where it is set. The other reasons why he filmed ‘Romeo and Juliet’ in the west coast of America is because Los Angeles is a big city just like Verona and because there is also a lot of violence and gangs in Los Angeles just like Verona. The types of film Baz Luhrmann used in the prologue are TV news style footage showing you how much of their fighting is causing their city to be more violent, as well as this they are trying to say that what is happening between the Montague’s and the Capulet’s has an effect on the rest of the city. By doing the prologue, as TV news footage is a clever thing to do, as it is an original idea and by doing it in this way it will keep the audience hooked to the rest of the movie. Another reason why Baz Luhrmann used TV news footage is because it shows the violence in Verona. When the camera shakes, the jumpy effect makes you think the violence is real and also is very dangerous. This makes the audience hooked to the movie. The director uses a voice over to read out the prologue. The actor reading the prologue played the priest. The priest Friar Lawrence is appropriate because he knows both sides of the story. His voice is deep, sorrowful and sad. His tone of voice is meant to be serious so everyone will be influenced by what he says about the circumstances surrounding the storyline and take him seriously. Also by making the priest read the prologue it shows that he is aware of the situation surrounding both the families and the effect it has on the rest of the city and the seriousness of the situation. Not only did they use a voice over, they used captions with bold letters and people shouting to grab our attention. This keeps us hooked and willing to watch the rest of the movie. He says this in a deep American accent, although as we know, he is not really an American but an Englishman. Luhrmann uses some interesting shots in the opening sequences, such as close-ups, because it is important as it shows their facial expression and the body language used, making it more realistic and interesting, thereby attaining the interest of the audience. He also uses long shots (establishing shots) to show the whole city from the helicopter as it gives an overall view of what is happening in the city as a whole, focusing your attention to different parts of the city. He uses medium shots because it is ideal for introducing characters as it concentrates on how they appear on first sight and the impact they have on the audience. He uses high angle shots so that you can see what is going on like a birds eye view, showing a character in proportion and comparison to the rest of the city. He also zooms into the statue of Christ and the two buildings to show how important they are and to make them stand out from the rest of the city, by attracting the attention of the audience and thereby making them focus on the zoomed objects, giving them the utmost importance. He also uses fades and cuts. Fades are when the scene goes black. Fades are to close the scene and go on to another part of the story. Cuts are used to show what may be happening in another part of the story, maybe at the same time of the scene that has just been showed. He also uses freeze frames. One example of a freeze frame was in the scene of the Montague boys, when the characters are still for some time. He also uses wipes to speed up the scenes from the film. The reasons he used these effects could be because they make the story faster and more intense, and tries to show how different the atmosphere in certain scenes are. Baz Luhrmann used operatic and church music as well as dramatic and religious music, because they all tie in with ideas of fate etc. This music is ancient like the families and the story. When the Montague boys come they have different music. They use rap style music to show that they are young and modern and part of a gang. Luhrmann uses different sound effects like gunshots, fires, helicopters, brakes and loud music when they show the Montague boys. The reason why he uses these is because this is meant to be a tense city with a lot of violence and by showing it like this he is to make the audience feel like it still happens in modern times. The director uses images and symbols to focus on emphasizing peace and religion. He uses a statue of Christ because it shows everyone what it represents. The statue represents peace and refers to the Catholic religion. By doing this, they are trying to make the viewer think that Verona needs peace. He also emphasizes on the two towers, because they show the rivalry between Montague and Capulet and the wealth of the families. It also represents both families having a say about what happens in the city. He also uses fire as a symbol, as fire represents danger, death and hell. Everything that is happening in Verona is due to the families. He also uses passion as a symbol, because as we know, passion is the theme of the story throughout as both ‘Romeo and Juliet’ are madly in love. In conclusion, it is clear to see that the director is trying to open the play up to a more modern audience such as teenagers. He has made it appealing to the young target audience by hiring young attractive actors to play Romeo and Juliet. He also uses flashy equipment such as guns and cars to make the story appear more modern and to try to attract the young audience. He also uses different music to show the personality, e. g. when the Montague boys come, the music changes to rap music, as they are young and modern. Lurhmann also uses different styles like exciting visual tricks to attract their attention.